Mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel genes cause various kinds human being epilepsies. by voltage-gated sodium route mutations which modulation from the pyridoxine pathway may also impact phenotype intensity. 1 INTRODUCTION Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide (WHO 2012 Over 1000 mutations identified in voltage-gated sodium channel genes result in several human epilepsy syndromes (Meisler et al. 2010 Often individuals with the same mutation can exhibit QS 11 strikingly different clinical severity. This suggests that the effect of the primary mutation is influenced by other factors which may include genetic modifiers. Several mouse models have been generated in order to study genetic epilepsies. Frequently strain background alters the disease phenotype supporting a contribution of genetic modifiers in epilepsy. The (Modifier of Epilepsy) on chromosome 11 and on chromosome 19 (Bergren et al. 2005 In contrast to the overall effect at the locus B6 alleles confer increased seizure risk (Hawkins and Kearney 2012 Fine-mapping and candidate gene analysis by RNA-seq suggested hepatic leukemia factor () as a candidate modifier at the transcript compared to SJL (Hawkins and Kearney 2012 leading us to hypothesize that deletion of would increase seizure susceptibility. is a member of the PAR bZIP transcription factor family which includes and could modify the Q54 epilepsy phenotype (Hawkins and Kearney 2012 To determine if could modify the Q54 phenotype we evaluated the effect of deletion on seizures and survival in Q54 mice. Additionally we tested whether manipulation of the pyridoxine pathway could modify the Q54 phenotype. Finally to determine whether would modify epilepsy in another model we evaluated the effect of deletion on phenotype of the knockout embryos congenic QS 11 ARPC3 on C57BL/6 were obtained from the European Mouse Mutant Archive (www.emmanet.org) (Gachon et al. 2004 Q54 transgenic mice [Tg(Eno2-Scn2a1*)Q54Mm] congenic on C57BL/6J were previously described (Bergren et al. 2005 Kearney et al. 2001 females with Q54 males to generate control littermates. and 129.Exacerbates Q54 Phenotype To determine whether could act as a modifier of the Q54 epilepsy phenotype we evaluated the effect of deletion on Q54 seizure severity using an knockout model. The number and type of seizures at 3 and 6 weeks of age were compared between exacerbates the phenotype and mice had 100% survival throughout the study (data not shown) (Gachon et al. 2004 Together our seizure and survival data demonstrate that complete loss of exacerbated the Q54 epilepsy QS 11 phenotype. 3.2 Effect of Pyridoxine Deficient Diet on Q54 We hypothesized that B6.Q54 mice might be sensitized to pyridoxine deficiency based on previous data that showed reduced brain transcript in B6 mice (Hawkins and Kearney 2012 and involvement of in the transcriptional regulation of PDXK a QS 11 key enzyme in the pyridoxine pathway (Gachon et al. 2004 To determine if direct modulation of the pyridoxine pathway would modify their phenotype Q54 mice were maintained on either a pyridoxine deficient or control diet for six weeks beginning at 3 weeks of age. Survival was monitored during this time and seizure frequency was evaluated in a 30 minute session at nine weeks of age. Q54 mice maintained on a pyridoxine deficient diet had significantly more focal motor seizures compared to those on control diet (Figure 2a). No GTCS were observed in the pyridoxine deficient or control diet group. Q54 mice maintained on the pyridoxine deficient diet had a significant reduction in lifespan compared to controls (Shape 2b). Just 69% of Q54 mice for the deficient diet plan survived in comparison to 94% on control diet plan. Thus pyridoxine insufficiency exacerbated the Q54 epilepsy phenotype although this is much less dramatic as deletion since we didn’t observe GTCS. This shows that deletion may possess additional effects. non-etheless these results claim that keeping adequate pyridoxine amounts is essential in the framework of epilepsy the effect of a sodium-channel mutation. Shape 2 Pyridoxine insufficiency exacerbates the phenotype 3.3 Lack of exacerbates phenotype of Scn1aKO/+ Dravet mice To see whether the modifier impact would translate to additional epilepsy choices we assessed survival of alters excitability inside a common pathway perhaps by altering neurotransmitter synthesis. Shape 3 Lack of exacerbates premature lethality phenotype of modifies phenotypes in.